India Glossary of Life Skills

Adaptability is the ability to modify our thoughts and behaviour to effectively respond to uncertainty, new information, changed circumstances or different people. It includes adjustments in our thinking, emotions and behaviour in response to change, to demonstrate enhanced outcomes. It is our ability to respond to change and a willingness to learn new ways to accomplish work activities and objectives.

As a skill, Adaptability is essential to our psychological health, social success, and academic and workplace achievement.

Adaptability in Action The person will be able to:

• Be open to accept change.
• Learn new methods and practices as the situation requires.
• Look for ways to make changes work rather than only identifying why change will not work.
• Think and act effectively under pressure.
• Adjust timelines, results, and expectations appropriately when requirements change.
• Shift strategy or approach in response to the demands of a situation.

Agency is the ability to make intentional and informed decisions about our lives, and take autonomous actions, even in the face of opposition. It is our ability to influence our functioning and the course of events through our actions, and make a difference to a relationship, a decision, or even a set of social assumptions and constraints. It includes the ability to set aspirational goals for ourselves and work towards it, making use of available resources, both internal and external, as well as navigate external power structures as required. Agency also refers to the sense of control or belief we have in our own ability to succeed in specific situations.

Agency provides autonomy and empowerment to young people, the vulnerable and historically disadvantaged communities.

Agency in Action The person will be able to:

• Express their thoughts and feelings openly.
• Actively participate in taking decisions about themselves, even if they are not in line with societal expectations.
• Assert themselves and stand up for what they want to do.
• Navigate changed circumstances successfully.
• Decide on goals that are in line with their values, interests and desires.
• Work confidently and efficiently towards their goals by utilising and coordinating available resources.
• Actively contribute to bringing about change to themselves, and/or to their environment.
• Use strategies to stand up for any wrong-doing in society.

Analytical Thinking is the ability to examine information or a situation in detail, break it down to key elements, identify their strengths and weaknesses and apply logic to make a reasoned judgement and resolve a problem. It includes the ability to identify patterns across situations that are not obviously related, and to recognise underlying issues in complex situations.

Having analytical skills helps us look at situations and problems without any biases. We are able to look at different sides of the problem, make accurate analyses, draw logical conclusions and offer relevant solutions.

Analytical Thinking in action The person will be able to:

• Evaluate the appropriateness and accuracy of information.
• Check for hidden biases or assumptions.
• Examine opinions, arguments or solutions against appropriate criteria.
• Determine whether the evidence supports the conclusions.
• Effectively communicate the patterns they see and their conclusions and recommendations.

Cognitive Flexibility is the ability to appropriately adapt our thinking processes and behaviour to face new and unexpected conditions in the environment. This includes the ability to both address and interpret the new situation and restructure our thinking in order to adapt our behavioural strategies accordingly. It is also about knowing when it is appropriate to be broad and expansive in our thinking and when a situation requires detailed and focussed attention.

Greater Cognitive Flexibility is associated with favourable outcomes such as better reading abilities in childhood, higher resilience to negative life events and stress in adulthood, higher levels of creativity in adulthood, and better quality of life in older individuals. Flexible thinking is also considered essential for working with social diversity.

Cognitive Flexibility in Action The person will be able to:

• Change their views when they receive additional information.
• Approach a problem from a new angle
• Consider alternative points of view.
• Handle several sources of information simultaneously.
• Engage in multiple activities simultaneously.
• Tolerate confusion and ambiguity.
• Foresee a range of consequences.
• Think up multiple problem solving strategies.

Collaboration is the ability to work interdependently and cooperatively in teams. It is an organised and coordinated activity between two or more people to realise shared goals and outcomes. It includes the ability to manage team dynamics and challenges, and learning from and contributing to the learning of others.

Collaboration is a key skill that enables individuals to get along and work effectively with others, including people from diverse cultures.

Collaboration in Action The person will be able to:

• work with others and co-create ideas.
• communicate effectively with groups.
• offer and accept help.
• lead, delegate and follow while working in a group.
• understand team members’ feelings and points of view.
• agree and disagree with others effectively.
• listen to others and debate respectfully.
• be helpful and supportive of their peers.
• accept and appreciate team members’ skills and abilities.
• prioritize group interests to achieve a common goal.
• accept and respect differences while working with diverse individuals.

Communication is the ability to express ourselves and respond to people, both verbally and non-verbally, in ways that are appropriate to our culture and situation. This includes listening attentively and respectfully; expressing our opinions and desires, needs and fears in an assertive manner; as well as being able to ask for advice and help in times of need. It is a way of connecting with others by conveying our ideas, facts, thoughts, feelings, and values.

Effective Communication helps us better understand a person or situation and enables us to resolve differences, build trust and respect, and create environments where creative ideas, problem solving, affection, and caring can flourish.

Communication in Action The person is able to:

• listen actively without interrupting their peers, friends, teachers, family, etc.
• recognise when to listen or speak.
• express their thoughts clearly using verbal and paraverbal cues.
• express themselves in a variety of ways.
• say ‘’no’’ in an assertive manner without being disrespectful.
• consider others’ opinions and feelings before responding.

Compassion is our ability to feel for others when they are in pain and be motivated to take action to relieve their suffering. It includes five essential elements - recognizing other people's pain, accepting that human suffering is universal, feeling for the sufferer, tolerating the discomfort it causes to us without being judgmental and feeling motivated to help. It includes the aspect of Global Compassion which refers to compassion felt toward others regardless of their relationship with us, their status, background, membership to any group, and overall circumstances.

Compassion is an enduring skill that is associated with a range of positive attitudes and behaviours towards self, others and humanity as a whole. It is kindness and empathy extended beyond our own people thereby contributing to prosocial behaviour, conflict resolution and peacekeeping at a global level.

Compassion in Action The person will be able to:

• Recognize others' feelings and emotions in particular situations.
• Identify their own feelings and emotions as they witness or hear about another person's pain, suffering, hardships and misfortunes.
• Recognize how they feel when they hear about a person's or a group's suffering who is not related to them.
• Engage in simple acts of kindness on a day to day basis with people within their circle, as well as with strangers and animals.
• Come up with ways in which they can reach out and help others.
• Identify and validate people's experiences across gender. race, ethnicity, geographical locations, religion, socio-economic strata etc. and show their readiness to help.
• Demonstrate a humane approach towards global problems.
• Commit to causes and put together resources in order to mobilize help.

Conflict Resolution is the ability to resolve a dispute or a conflict, when there is disagreement, contradiction or incompatibility among two or more individuals or groups, by meeting at least some of each side’s needs and addressing their interests. It includes the ability to communicate and negotiate in a manner that can help the parties arrive at an agreement without hurting the relationship they share as well as the goals they feel committed to.

Conflict Resolution is considered an important life skill at an interpersonal as well as global level. Resolving conflicts can lead to constructive problem-solving and peaceful collaboration among individuals and groups.

Conflict Resolution in Action The person will be able to:

• Show willingness to examine reasons for a conflict.
• Demonstrate willingness to engage in a constructive dialogue.
• Practise self-regulation skills by taking charge of their own emotions and being aware of those of others, thereby behaving accordingly.
• Seek and evaluate different perspectives towards resolving a situation.
• Practise assertiveness and cooperation in a balanced way.
• Show willingness and flexibility to compromise.

Coping with Stress is the ability to acknowledge and accept the stress in our lives, recognize its source and the effect it has on us. It includes the ability to take action to reduce/ overcome stress, as well as manage the source of stress. This skill also includes our ability to understand our emotions and reactions to conflict, as well as manage feelings of anxiety and other difficult emotions in order to function effectively in a range of situations.

This skill provides us with the strength to face stressful, unpredictable and conflicting situations, deal with accompanying emotions and look for solutions that are most beneficial.

Coping with Stress in Action The person will be able to :

• Recognise and acknowledge stress in their lives.
• Identify situations wherein they tend to feel stressed.
• Identify their own physical and emotional responses to stress.
• Identify conflicting emotions and use strategies to manage them.
• Identify activities that help them relax.
• Recognise the advantage of talking to somebody to reduce stress.
• Practise different strategies to manage and reduce stress.

Creative Thinking is the ability to engage in the generation, evaluation and improvement of diverse ideas, which can result in original and effective solutions, advancement in knowledge and meaningful expressions of imagination. It involves making connections across topics, concepts, disciplines and methodologies.

Creative Thinking is a vital life skill which enables us to imagine, innovate and respond to unexpected or changing situations. It can improve other abilities like metacognition and problem-solving skills, as well as promote identity development, academic achievement, future career success and social engagement.

Creative Thinking in Action The person will be able to :

• follow new approaches and produce original ideas.
• see existing situations in new ways or improve on existing ideas.
• act on intuition.
• identify alternative explanations.
• generate diverse and numerous ideas.
• generate ideas that are relevant to the requirements of the problem/situation.
• form unexpected combinations from available information to come up with solutions or new ideas.
• engage in the task because they find it rewarding , enjoyable and challenging rather than for incentives offered.

Critical Thinking is the ability to question, interpret, analyse, evaluate, infer and explain using reliable evidence and reasoning, conceptual knowledge, clear criteria and relevant context. It helps us solve problems, learn new concepts, develop innovative solutions or make an independent judgement or decision. It is a skill through which we are able to reflect on our own thinking, observe our own biases, ascertain credibility of information, recognise and interpret ambiguous and conflicting information, be open-minded, flexible and fair.

This skill is vital for developing young people to be competent, reflective and independent, valuing reason and truth, while being respectful of others. It is considered a key skill necessary for lifelong learning and navigating an increasingly complex world.

Critical Thinking in Action The person will be able to:

• gather information and understanding through framing questions relevant to the context.
• make correlations between various types of information available.
• interpret the available information and draw conclusions.
• analyse the pros and cons of making a decision.
• reflect and question their own views.
• notice and examine their own biases.
• acknowledge reasonable arguments made.
• synthesise different ideas and opinions.

Curiosity is the ability to apply a sense of wonder and desire to learn or know something, without expecting a tangible reward. It is also about recognising an information gap and having an intrinsically motivated desire to close it. It includes seeking out information to better understand a wide range of topics and/or obtaining a depth of understanding in one topic area that goes beyond what is required.

Curiosity as a skill can positively affect learning and memory; lead to greater levels of attention and skill development and enhance feelings of mastery.

Curiosity in Action The person will be able to:

• try new things and relish new experiences.
• show an inclination towards knowing new things, searching for answers and making connections.
• enjoy learning about topics that are unfamiliar to them, as well as about others’ perspectives on these topics.
• show interest and enjoy being part of diverse groups.
• ask questions to find out what interests other people.
• ask questions and find out why people behave the way they do.
• seek out opportunities where deep thinking is required.
• seek solutions to difficult conceptual problems.
• show trust in one's own natural instincts, thereby taking risks.
• look for challenges and consider them as opportunities to grow.

Decision Making is the ability to choose between two or more courses of action. It is the ability to identify and analyze the implications and consequences of our decisions. It is a process of making thoughtful, constructive and responsible choices about personal behaviour related to health, relationships, career and lifestyle, considering existing social, ethical and safety norms, in varied conditions. It includes being able to make decisions independently and taking responsibility for our actions.

This key skill when imbibed at a young age contributes to a feeling of autonomy and also a sense of fulfilment. Decision Making is also proven to positively impact the attitude and effort we put into any task.

Decision Making in Action The person will be able to :

• make informed decisions based on their own experience and learning.
• understand and evaluate the consequences of their decisions.
• take personal responsibility for the consequences of their decisions.
• consider others' needs while making decisions.
• evaluate the influence of social norms and authority on personal decision making.
• apply ethical reasoning while making decisions.
• make responsible decisions with respect to interpersonal and group relationships.
• analyse how present decision making affects college and career choices.
• evaluate the influence of personal biases and discrimination on personal decision making.
• identify and evaluate strategies to resist pressure to engage in unsafe or unethical activities.
• improve study habits and academic performance through responsible decision making skills.

Delayed Gratification is the ability to resist the temptation for an immediate satisfaction in the hope of obtaining a valuable or personally satisfying reward in the long term. This requires the ability to attend to the intellectual aspects of the reward rather than the emotional aspects, foregoing immediate pleasures in the anticipation of a later prize. It is our ability to inhibit our impulses and exercise self -control, making us more accountable.

Delayed Gratification is an essential ingredient for cultivating healthy habits, nurturing self-discipline, building relationships with others, pursuing academic goals, sustaining a job and building a career. It also plays a key role in cooperative decision-making enhancing our ability to work together to attain commonly accepted goals.

Delayed Gratification in Action The person will be able to:

• set and pursue long term goals.
• persist at learning or doing something even if it turns out to be difficult or challenging.
• make and follow through plans.
• prioritise others' needs in relationships by deferring their own for the time being.
• demonstrate dedication towards a greater goal or a vision for the future, for themselves as well as others.
• demonstrate patience and accountability in their actions
• display motivation to try again and harder in the event of failure or setbacks.
• take risks and demonstrate trust, in self and others.

Emotional Regulation is the ability to be aware of, understand and accept our own emotions and to control impulsive behaviours when experiencing difficult emotions. It includes the ability to modify strategies for managing our emotions according to situational demands and goals. Emotional regulation takes place through problem solving, assertive behaviour, reevaluation of the situation and de escalation of emotions.

Besides the obvious benefits such as feeling better in the immediate term, strong emotional regulation skills can also enhance long-term wellbeing, improve performance at work, enrich personal relationships and even lead to better overall health.

Emotional Regulation in Action The person will be able to:

• Identify, understand and accept their emotions.
• Express their emotions clearly and openly to others in ways appropriate to the situation.
• Express their feelings and opinions without hurting or disrespecting others.
• Reflect on possible consequences before expressing an emotion or viewpoint.
• Control impulsive behaviour.
• Express hurt without withdrawal, blame or aggression.
• Respond to upsetting situations in healthy and responsible ways.
• Use strategies that allow them to reduce the intensity of their emotions when they need to.

Empathy is the ability to emotionally understand what other people feel, see things from their point of view and context, imagine ourselves in their place and respond appropriately. Empathy is relating to others with acceptance, understanding, and sensitivity to their diverse backgrounds, experiences and perspectives, and taking action accordingly.

Empathy plays an important role in being a socially competent person with meaningful social relationships. The ability to empathise is important for promoting positive behaviours towards others, and facilitating social interactions and relationships, thus motivating altruistic behaviour. This skill also makes us challenge intolerance, bias and stereotyping when we see it.

Empathy in Action The person will be able to:

• Listen well, pay attention to non-verbal communication and pick up subtle cues.
• Understand others’ perspectives and feelings.
• Show sensitivity towards others.
• Help other people based on their understanding of their needs and feelings.
• Respect and relate well to everyone, regardless of their diverse backgrounds.
• Alter the way they interact with others to fit with the others’ diverse needs and feelings.
• Appreciate others for their strengths and accomplishments.
• Provide constructive feedback to others to help them improve.
• Put the needs of others first and look for ways to improve their situations.

Financial Literacy means having the knowledge, skills, values and habits needed to successfully manage money at the personal and family level. It includes earning, spending, saving, borrowing and investing responsibly. If we are financially empowered and capable, we are better equipped to realize our full potential.

Financial Literacy enables us to make sensible financial choices, work confidently towards our financial goals, be aware of financial risks and opportunities, plan realistically for the future, respond to life events that affect our everyday financial decisions and know where to seek help from, on matters related to money.

Financial Literacy in Action The person will be able to

• Recognise the role of money in their lives and in the larger society.
• Demonstrate an ability to manage expenses from their weekly or monthly allowance and generate savings.
• Demonstrate the ability to plan and wait rather than giving into impulse buying.
• Lend and borrow money in responsible ways.
• Analyse investment plans by putting down short and long term benefits of a scheme.
• Define insurance and explain its purpose - personal as well as business.
• Generate awareness with respect to use and abuse of credit cards.

Grit is the ability to pursue our long term goals with passion and perseverance. We are gritty towards a certain goal when we care about it so much that it gives meaning to everything we do in our life. Grit is a combination of doing something for the love of it and sticking to it for a long time despite the difficulties and obstacles that may come in our way.

Grit is considered an important skill because of its positive relationship with goal achievement. Apart from that, our passion and perseverance, two key elements of Grit, has a positive impact on physical and psychological well-being, relationships and performance in any domain.

Grit in Action The person will be able to:

• Pursue an interest or goal because it offers them joy and satisfaction at an emotional level.
• Persist at getting better at something even if it takes long to master it.
• Explore different ways of getting closer to the goal they have set for themselves.
• Demonstrate immense patience while working on such goals.
• Enjoy working towards the goal even if it gets hard and stressful at times.
• Find a sense of meaning and purpose in what they do.

ICT Literacy is the ability to use digital technology, communications tools and networks to access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information, in order to function productively in a knowledge society. It is about knowing how to use technology safely, healthily, responsibly and ethically to meet our needs.

ICT skills can enhance learning outcomes by supporting collaborations to support diversity and empower learners to personalise their learning process. Considering the current fast paced world, this combination of benefits can provide us the required edge to find relevant opportunities.

ICT Literacy in Action The person will be able to:

• Use a range of digital tools to solve cognitive tasks in daily life and at work.
• Use ICT skills to support higher-order thinking processes.
• Demonstrate socially appropriate and safe methods of interacting with people online.
• Present a socially appropriate digitally safe public profile.
• Identify fake news, unreliable material etc. available on digital platforms.

Information Synthesis is the ability to gather, analyze and evaluate information from various sources, make connections between the information found, and combine the recently acquired information with prior knowledge to create a new understanding. It includes the ability to check the authenticity and accuracy of the information, and an awareness of the short term and long term consequences of sharing of the information. This skill enables us to visualise and resolve contradictory findings.

Information Synthesis is a vital skill necessary to achieve personal, social, occupational and educational goals.

Information Synthesis in action The person is able to:

• Gather and use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose.
• Determine the nature and extent of the information needed for a given task.
• Use multiple sources which address multiple perspectives, including opposing viewpoints.
• Evaluate information and its sources critically before drawing a conclusion.
• Understand the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information.
• Access and use information ethically and legally.
• Build explicit connections between sources, including connections between contradictory sources, by identifying similarities, differences, relationships and patterns.

Initiative is the ability that motivates us to independently engage with ideas, people and experiences with enthusiasm. It is our ability to contribute to preferred activities, seek new experiences, ask questions, and take on challenges. It includes the capacity to take action, be resourceful and introduce a new course of action when required, sustain motivation, and work towards an identified goal. Initiative hinges on the belief that outcomes depend on our own actions rather than fate, chance or others.

Initiative skills are linked to enterprise, taking charge, follow-through, determination, and leadership. These skills help us engage effectively with the world around us and motivate us to pursue our desired goals. People with skills of initiative tend to accept responsibility for their attitudes and behaviour, and gain the trust of others.

Initiative in Action The person will be able to:

• actively take part in their own learning.
• show enthusiasm for learning by asking questions.
• actively engage in ideas, projects and tasks.
• take on increasingly complex roles and tasks independently.
• work independently, define, prioritize and complete tasks without constant monitoring.
• go beyond basic acquisition of skills to explore and expand their own learning and gain expertise.
• identify and seek support in tasks that might be difficult to achieve by themselves.

Leadership is the ability to motivate and organise a group of people towards achieving a common goal. It is the ability to gain the trust and respect of group members by behaving responsibly and in a fair manner, and putting others' needs before our own. It includes the ability to understand strengths and vulnerabilities of group members, so as to align them with tasks that optimize their performance. Leadership is also the ability to cause changes in other people and social systems.

Leadership skills benefit every aspect of our lives by helping in the development of key personal qualities such as perseverance, being committed and responsible, resilience, self-confidence, etc. Leaders use interpersonal and problem-solving skills to influence and guide others towards change.

Leadership in Action The person will be able to:

• Lead a group towards achieving a goal.
• Delegate tasks to group members.
• Accept suggestions and inputs from the group members.
• Express confidence in others and their ability to contribute to the group.
• Make others feel valued in the group.
• Influence others through effective use of words and actions.
• View challenges as things that can be overcome with effort and innovative thinking.
• Be receptive to new and unfamiliar ideas, perspectives and experiences.
• Show resilience in tough situations.

Learning to Learn is the ability to pursue and persist in learning, to organise our own learning, through effective management of time and information. It includes awareness of our learning process and needs, understanding our preferred learning strategies, the strengths and weaknesses of our skills and qualifications; identifying available opportunities; and the ability to overcome obstacles in order to learn successfully. It means gaining, processing and assimilating new knowledge and skills as well as seeking and making use of available guidance and support.

Learning to Learn helps us build on prior learning and life experiences in order to use and apply knowledge and skills in a variety of contexts - at home, at work, in education and training. This is an imperative skill to survive and adapt to the fast changing world of new developments and improvisations.

Learning to Learn in Action The person will be able to:

• Think about how they learn best.
• Manage their time and work patterns.
• Persevere with learning.
• Concentrate for extended periods.
• Evaluate their own work.
• Learn to work collaboratively as part of the learning process.
• Dedicate time to learning autonomously.
• Reflect critically on the purposes and aims of learning.
• Seek advice, feedback and support when appropriate.
• Be open to constantly learning from their own experiences and from others.

Literacy is the ability to read and write at a level whereby we can effectively understand and use written communication in all media, print and electronic. It is a means of expression and communication, through a variety of media. It includes our ability to understand, evaluate, use and engage with texts, in order to develop our knowledge, potential and participate in society.

We need literacy in order to engage with the written word in everyday life. But beyond the functional level, literacy plays a vital role in transforming us into socially engaged citizens. Being able to read and write means being able to keep up with current events, communicate effectively, and understand the issues that are shaping our world.

Literacy in Action The person will be able to:

• Read and comprehend written material on any media.
• Write to communicate what they know.
• Select, read, and view with understanding a range of literature, information, media, and visual texts.
• Interpret, select, and combine information, using a variety of strategies, resources, and technologies.
• Respond critically to a range of texts, applying their understanding of language, form, and genre.

Logical Thinking is the ability to apply logic to better understand unknown situations or problem scenarios. Logic is the application of a method which is reason based, structured and sequenced, to break down a piece of information into smaller units and develop an objective understanding of the same . Logical Thinking includes our ability to use numbers effectively, produce scientific solutions to problems, identify differences, classify, generalise, hypothesize and assimilate information. Logical Thinking is seen as the key to complex problem solving.

Logical Thinking skills are necessary to overcome obstacles of daily life. It prompts us to think critically and creatively when facing a problem. Logical Thinking is also seen as a primary factor that affects students’ self-sufficiency and their accomplishment in science.

Logical Thinking in Action The person will be able to:

• Identify, describe and explain specific problems or issues.
• Draw evidence and reason in arguments.
• Formulate an argument.
• Effectively separate subject matter into its component parts.
• Identify interrelationships among different aspects of a situation / a piece of information.
• Recognize and describe the contributions of each fact to the whole picture.
• Identify and summarize all assumptions in an argument.
• Assess the quality and reliability of the source of evidence.

Mastery Orientation refers to our approach towards achievement where the focus is on achieving mastery of a task with an emphasis on learning and improvement on self-set standards, and acquiring new skills. It arises from the belief that we have control over factors related to our learning, that hard work and effort pays off, and that we have or can acquire strategies that will help us learn. With this attitude we are more likely to enjoy and seek challenges, persist in the face of obstacles, and view our failures as due to inadequate effort or poor strategy rather than lack of ability.

Research says that Mastery Orientation is highly adaptive and carries many positive qualities, including perseverance, seeking out challenges and a desire to learn.

Mastery Orientation in Action The person will be able to:

• engage in activities that will increase their knowledge and learning.
• find satisfaction in just learning without being influenced by external performance indicators such as grades.
• learn from their errors.
• seek help when necessary.
• change learning strategies when they don’t work.
• focus on improving their personal or professional competence
• judge their performance based on standards of self-improvement and progress.
• demonstrate a sense of purpose and persist towards goals despite challenges.
• open to taking on challenging or unfamiliar learning tasks.
• focus on achieving mastery even in the absence of external validation or reward
• view success in terms of continuous improvement and learning.

Media Literacy is the ability to critically understand, analyse and interpret the media content available to us, in both print and electronic forms. It includes the ability to access, use and communicate media content in a variety of forms, as well as understand different kinds of media. This ability equips us to use the media content ethically, generate new content and as well as create a participatory culture for everybody to contribute to the new content.

Media Literacy as a skill supports us to critically engage with information presented by the media, understand how to identify and deal with fake news, as well as be aware of the effects of media on people.

Media Literacy in Action The person will be able to:

• Use various media tools to access information - audio, image or other data.
• Use different search engines and databases to find the data that is needed.
• Question the media content.
• Examine the purpose for which the media content was created and shared.
• Examine the implicit meaning and purpose of the content as perceived by the reader.
• Recognise harmful content and protect themselves from the same.
• Evaluate the media content and ascertain whether the content complies to ethical standards.
• Evaluate the possible consequences of sharing media content that contains information or images that belong to other people and require permission to share.
• Evaluated the possible consequences of sharing media content that contains information or images that might be disrespectful of marginalised peoples and cultures.
• Use media tools to arrange activities such as digital campaigns, discussion forums and blogs in order to find a solution to problems or generate social sensitivity around a particular issue.

Metacognition is the ability to understand our own thinking, recognise what we know and what we do not know, and organise our thinking processes accordingly. It refers to a set of processes we use to monitor ongoing thoughts so as to effectively control our own behaviour. It also includes our ability to monitor, regulate and control our own activities concerning learning and take effective responsibility of our own learning.

Metacognition plays an important role in essentially all cognitive tasks, from everyday behaviours and problem solving to expert performance in the various disciplines.

Metacognition in Action The person is able to:

• Reflect on their own thoughts and behaviour.
• Reflect and identify what they know and do not know about a subject.
• Think and plan on how to approach a learning task.
• Identify distractions while working on a task.
• Evaluate their progress toward the completion of a task.
• Use appropriate skills and strategies to solve a problem.
• Self-assess and self-correct in response to the self-assessment.
• Develop greater awareness of their actions and the effects of the same on others and the environment.
• Exhibit maturity in accepting their own limits to change.

Negotiation is the ability to solve interpersonal problems and conflicts, while being assertive and cooperative, using logic and persuasion. It is the ability to be respectful and to disagree without threatening the wellbeing of others. It involves defining the problem, identifying a strategy and to proceed, keeping in mind the consequences for both parties and the complexity of emotions involved. It is about being persistent in interacting effectively with the people involved and engaging with the processes until a conclusion is reached.

Negotiation skills can help change attitudes, prevent or manage disagreements and misunderstandings, and help improve relationships. They help enhance our abilities to protect ourselves from exploitation, abuse and bullying.

Negotiation in Action The person will be able to:

• Listen to other’s points of view attentively.
• Be respectful of others’ views and concerns, even while disagreeing.
• Prevent or manage disagreements and misunderstandings.
• Use verbal arguments over violence.
• Apply logic while presenting their arguments.
• Identify the root problem in a conflict situation.
• Change others’ attitudes to align with their own ideas.

Numeracy is the ability to use mathematics at a level necessary to function at work and in society in general, to understand and use mathematical information, calculate and manipulate mathematical information, interpret results and communicate mathematical information. It is the capacity to use and comprehend numbers in our daily life. It includes the knowledge and skills we require to effectively manage the mathematical demands of diverse situations.

It is one of the key skills we need to thrive in the modern world, with regard to every-day life and work life.

Numeracy in Action The person will be able to:

• Interpret & reflect on basic numerical and graphical information, which is relevant to themselves, their work or community.
• Share information about mathematical ideas such as quantity and numbers, patterns and relationships, data, etc.
• Represent simple mathematical information including objects, pictures, symbols, numbers, tables, graphs, etc.
• Deal with the mathematical skills that are needed for further study in mathematics or other subjects with mathematical assumptions.

Open-Mindedness is the ability and willingness to form and revise our views, impartially and objectively in the light of available evidence and argument. It is our ability to remain non-judgmental and have a permissive outlook that regards all ideas as equally worthy. It prevents us from making hasty judgements and fosters intellectual curiosity and an appreciation of diversity.

Open-Mindedness helps us seek feedback from external sources and be willing to look within and self-analyze, and also seek out assistance for perceived flaws.

Open-Mindedness in Action The person will be able to:

• Adapt willingly and easily to change, both positive and negative.
• Accept feedback on self from others.
• Accept others’ perspectives.
• Accept and appreciate differences in others.
• Appreciate new aesthetic, cultural or intellectual experiences.
• Accept both past and present circumstances or feelings in life.
• Experiment with new technology.
• Experiment with unfamiliar and uncertain situations.
• Explore new and unfamiliar ideas and experiences, without personal opinion or judgement.

Participation is the ability to contribute actively to processes and situations, influencing decisions and activities. The ability to participate effectively is important for personal empowerment and agency, as well as the development of self-efficacy and social connectedness. Participation leads to higher self-esteem and creativity.

In an educational setting, Participation encourages active learning, promotes equity among learners, gives them a sense of ownership of the school and empowers communities. Within a family, participation leads to stronger relationships and autonomy. In a socio-political setting, it allows children to make their concerns heard about the world they will inherit.

Participation in Action The person will be able to:

• Engage with learning.
• Share their views and opinions.
• Collaborate towards a common goal.
• Get along well with their classmates and teachers.
• Contribute to a better school environment with discipline and shared responsibility.
• Contribute to family decisions, make their voice heard in the family.
• Avail equal opportunities for recreation, career, long term relationships, socializing.
• Exercise their rights as citizens.

Perseverance is the ability to put in continued effort, in a thorough and diligent manner, towards a perceived goal while overcoming difficulties, obstacles, or discouragement along the way. It includes our ability to learn from failure and try again. Perseverance also means that we prioritize sustainable future rewards over shorter-term satisfaction.

Perseverance is necessary for positive student functioning like academic adjustment and engagement. It is also linked to higher work performance.

Perseverance in Action The person will be able to:

• Work with attention, persistence and continuous effort.
• Complete whatever task they have begun.
• Focus on finding a solution to a given problem, even when faced with setbacks.
• Consistently work towards a long-term goal.
• Overcome setbacks to conquer an important challenge.
• Reflect and evaluate the reason for their failure.

Perspective Taking is the ability to imagine and understand a situation based on how it appears to others and their cognitive and emotional response to it. It is the ability to recognize their points of view, experiences and beliefs even when different from our own.

This recognition creates the basis of mutual understanding, leading to new learning, reshaping our social interactions and developing new world views that are broader and more inclusive in nature.

Overall, Perspective Taking promotes social bonds, unlocks the potential of diversity in teams, leads to creative solutions and diminishes the possibility and impact of stereotyping.

Perspective Taking in Action The person will be able to:

• Practise active listening skills when their friends or group members are sharing their story or viewpoint.
• Identify the need to seek out and include views, opinions and experiences of their classmates, teammates and groups in general.
• Identify and acknowledge the experiences, feelings, and viewpoints of others even though they are different from their own.
• Find ways of expressing their emotions in ways that others can understand and accept, especially in times of conflicts and differences of opinion.

Planning is the ability to think ahead and mentally anticipate the best way to carry out a task or reach a specific goal. It is the ability to form a specific, achievable goal; formulate a strategy, execute it with focus, and monitor our progress towards the goal. It includes the ability to manage ourselves and others, as well as resources including time and surrounding circumstances to reach a specific goal.

Planning provides benefits that facilitate progress even when faced with uncertainty and a constantly changing environment by offering a guide for action and better utilisation of resources.

Planning in Action The person will be able to:

• Accurately estimate time and effort required to complete a task.
• Visualise sub-tasks involved in the completion of a bigger task.
• Develop schedules with clear, realistic and specific milestones and deadlines.
• Organise personal time to carry out responsibilities.
• Identify aspects of the plan that need support, in a timely manner.
• Use strategies to formulate a plan with or without the support of others.
• Set realistic goals and act towards achieving them.
• Exhibit goal-directed behavior independently and when instructed.
• Establish ways to measure results and milestones for themselves.
• Formulate contingency plans in case of unexpected occurrences.

Problem Solving is the ability to seek, identify and define the problem, generate alternatives or potential solutions, evaluate and choose between these and act on the chosen solution to reach a goal. It includes the process of using reasoning and analysis to look beyond the surface of a problem and understand the underlying causes to come to conclusions. It is also the process by which we identify or discover effective, adaptive or creative ways of handling problematic situations encountered in everyday living.

Problem Solving increases our involvement in the learning process. This creates opportunities for higher order thinking which increases our adaptability to our environment and helps us navigate through future trends and uncertainty.

Problem Solving in Action The person will be able to:

• Recognise a problem situation.
• Identify the root cause in a problem situation or a conflict.
• Identify and sift out information relevant for a problem.
• Pay attention to relevant cues.
• Make interpretations based on patterns that emerge.
• Set goals and a plan of action.
• Evaluate progress towards an identified goal.
• Suggest various options to resolve an issue.
• Consider different sides to a problem, both the pros and cons.

Psychological Flexibility is the ability to recognize and adapt to fluctuating situational demands, shift feelings, perspectives and behaviour as required, and maintain a balance between competing desires, needs and life priorities. It includes our ability to stay in contact with the present moment, being fully aware of our emotions and thoughts, accepting them, including the undesired ones, while choosing our behaviour based on the situation and our deeply held values.

Psychological Flexibility is considered central to our daily well-being, adaptive functioning, and lasting psychological health. It helps in regulating our attention and effort when pursuing goals that are reflective of our core values.

Psychological Flexibility in Action The person will be able to:

• Adapt to changing circumstances.
• Recognise and accept their thoughts and emotions, even the undesirable ones.
• Make behavioral choices that are consistent with their personal values.
• Maintain a balance between their various interests and desires.
• Act on long-term values rather than short-term impulses.
• Commit attention and energy to meaningful interests and values.
• Regulate their attention and effort towards value-consistent goals, despite challenges.

Relationship Management is the ability to form and maintain healthy, meaningful and rewarding relationships with diverse individuals and groups in both our personal as well as professional domains. It is an important leadership skill and includes the ability to have clear and assertive communication, be honest in our expression of views and emotions, have warm interactions with our family, friends, community, colleagues etc., offer honest and constructive feedback, resist various forms of social pressure and negotiate interpersonal conflicts in mutually beneficial ways. This skill includes both - being aware of our own emotions as well as being considerate of others' emotions, as we navigate through various social interactions.

Relationship Management skills help us form deeper and richer connections with others in all areas of our life.

Relationship Management in Action The person will be able to:

• demonstrate good listening skills in daily interactions with friends, peers, teachers, family etc.
• communicate clearly and assertively in their day-to-day interactions with others.
• try out different ways to help out their friends and classmates.
• seek and offer help when required.
• express and share their emotions in an open and honest way with their friends, family, etc.
• work cooperatively and effectively in groups.
• form teams, influence team-members and boost team morale.
• resist and manage peer pressure in an effective manner.
• negotiate conflicts and navigate difficult social situations effectively.

Resilience is the ability to persist, adapt or transform in the face of change in a way that maintains our basic identity. It is the process of adapting well in the face of hardships, trauma, failure, threats or significant sources of stress, and achieving good adjustment. Resilience also refers to positive adaptation, or the ability to maintain or regain mental health, despite experiencing adversity.

Resilience is believed to improve learning and academic achievement. It contributes to reduced risk-taking behaviors including excessive drinking, smoking, and use of drugs. Resilient people are able to better manage difficult emotions and experience more positive emotions, which leads to objectively good health outcomes.

Resilience in Action The person will be able to:

• Adapt to change.
• Manage strong feelings and impulses.
• Make realistic plans and take steps to carry them out.
• Make a realistic appraisal of situations enabling acceptance of what cannot be changed.
• Have a positive view of themselves and have confidence in their strengths and abilities.
• Face unexpected challenges.
• Approach adversity as a solvable challenge.

Resourcefulness is the ability to adapt to new or different situations, think creatively, find solutions and make the best use of the available resources. This ability helps us consider all possible ways for attaining what we desire and also make good use of the opportunities available to us. It includes working collaboratively in teams or with group members and optimizing their skills and resources towards attainment of goals.

Research has shown that students who are resourceful tend to perform well even under stress and adversity. Resourcefulness can be considered as one of the important skills to being active, thoughtful and participating members and leaders in society.

Resourcefulness in Action The person will be able to:

• Come up with multiple approaches of working towards a goal.
• Brainstorm alternative solutions to various problems.
• Show readiness to experiment and try out new methods.
• Show curiosity and engage with their environment and people around them.
• Build an active network of friends and acquaintances.
• Build resources for personal as well as social purposes.
• Demonstrate perseverance by trying out all possible means to attain their goals.
• Seek help, information and perspectives of individuals or groups who can contribute towards their goal or purpose.
• Demonstrate awareness of their own skills, talents and strengths.

Respecting Diversity is the ability to recognise, understand, accept and demonstrate respect towards individuals and groups that might be different from us in terms of age, gender, sexuality, religion, caste, economic background, political beliefs, culture etc. This skill focuses on valuing and celebrating differences and making our personal and professional lives richer with varied experiences and perspectives. This skill also includes the ability to stay curious, learn continuously, stay humble and accept our own biases and limitations.

Respecting Diversity is vital in today's disparate yet interconnected world in order to have respectful personal and professional interactions, form deeper connections and work towards more inclusive and sustainable ways of living and thriving together.

Respecting Diversity in Action The person will be able to:

• Recognise similarities and differences between themselves and others on various facets of life.
• Demonstrate respect and equality in their interactions with people who are different from them in both personal and professional lives.
• Make friends from diverse communities and social identities.
• Form or be a part of groups or teams that are diverse in nature and work towards common goals.
• Exercise mindfulness and sensitivity when interacting with people or groups they are unfamiliar with.
• Engage in experiences that offer opportunities to learn about and form connections with diverse groups and communities.
• Judge others’ ability or worth based on their potential and skills, rather than their socio-cultural identity and beliefs.
• Challenge commonly accepted biases and stereotypes and discourage humour and sarcasm stemming from community or social identities.
• Devise ways of supporting individuals and groups from vulnerable sections.

Responsibility is the ability to recognize our role, purpose and appropriate response in a personal or social context and to proactively carry it out to the best of our ability. It involves both concrete action and concern for the needs of ourselves and others. It includes being motivated to take civic action for the greater good. It includes our ability to align our thoughts and behaviours with ethical actions to take care of ourselves and others around us.

There are two facets to Responsibility - personal and social. Personal Responsibility helps us become autonomous, grow in independence and confidence. Social Responsibility skills lead to prosocial behaviors, communicating concern for others and practising civic skills.

Responsibility in Action The person will be able to:

• Make decisions considering basic personal physical safety.
• Participate in household chores proportional to their ability.
• Honour commitments, and be punctual and reliable.
• Maintain peace and follow norms in public spaces.
• Accept errors and consequences.
• Reflect on and communicate their needs.
• Engage in healthy self-evaluation.
• Judge risks and take them safely.
• Recognize rationale behind rules set down by family and school systems and follow them when they are not oppressive.
• Start forming an understanding of issues in the world, like the environment, human rights, social justice etc.

Risk Taking is the ability to accept a challenging task that simultaneously involves potential for failure as well as for accomplishment or personal benefit. It is a behaviour we undertake even when the likelihood of its outcome, benefit and implications for self and others, is uncertain to us. Risk Taking is also about taking the unpredictable alternative by choice, with intention.

Risk Taking leads to learning new skills. Benefits of risk taking also include empowering students to make life choices, making new friends, and learning how to fail and grow from failure.

Risk Taking in Action The person is able to :

• try a new activity where they could embarrass themselves.
• spend time with a new group of people when they are not sure they would fit in.
• take up a new activity that seems challenging.
• join a new club or activity when they are not sure they would like it.
• present a new idea to the entire class even though they are unsure of it themselves.
• volunteer for a leadership position in a group project that they are unfamiliar with.
• engage in tasks even when the outcome of it is uncertain.

Self-Awareness is the ability to see ourselves clearly and objectively through reflection and introspection. It includes recognition of ourselves, our context, our character, our strengths and weaknesses, our values and beliefs, likes and dislikes, dreams and aspirations, etc., contributing towards our sense of identity. It is the ability to realise when there is contradiction between our aspirations, abilities and values. It is the ability to recognise our feelings and emotions and how they influence our decisions and behaviour.

Self-Awareness helps us recognise when we are stressed or under pressure. It allows us to see things from the perspective of others, practice self-control, work creatively and productively, and experience pride in ourselves and our work thus contributing to an overall sense of confidence and optimism.

Self-Awareness in Action The person will be able to:

• Understand their emotions.
• Accurately label emotions and recognise how they are linked to behaviour.
• Analyze how thoughts affect decision making and responsible behaviour.
• Identify their personal strengths and weaknesses.
• Develop personal skills and interests they desire to have.
• Identify their values and beliefs.
• Analyse how personal qualities and values influence choices and successes.
• Accept themselves with a sense of optimism about personal abilities and skills.
• Recognise the different roles they play in the context of age, gender, family, community and school/working place.
• Recognise their rights and duties as individuals and their responsibility towards themselves and society.

Self-Compassion is the ability to practise kindness and acceptance towards ourselves, despite our limitations and especially when we fail or feel inadequate. It includes the recognition of our common humanity, accepting that along with everyone else we are flawed and imperfect individuals. It involves practising mindfulness, cultivating well-being and resilience, and accepting our reality without rancour. Being self-compassionate offers us comfort, validation, protection and the motivation to improve ourselves.

Self-compassionate people tend to remain emotionally stable, are more likely to persevere despite multiple failures, remain present in the moment and function well even under stress.

Self-Compassion in Action The person will be able to:

• Identify their own feelings and emotions when encountering hardships and failures.
• Build self-care rituals and practices.
• Engage in gentle, kind and positive self-talk.
• Demonstrate the ability to take care of their own physical and emotional needs even in adversity.
• Demonstrate a sense of balance through mindfulness when experiencing extreme emotions.
• Work towards improvement rather than indulging in self-pity or self-criticism.
• Access their support system and personal resources to overcome hardships and attain goals.

Self-Efficacy is the belief we have in our own capacity and abilities to meet the challenges ahead of us and complete a task successfully. It reflects confidence in our ability to exert control over our own motivation, behaviour, and social environment. Self-efficacy has two key components - the belief that ability can grow with effort and the belief in that ability to meet specific goals and expectations.

Self-Efficacy is seen as positively affecting motivation and performance. Students with high self-efficacy also tend to have high optimism, resulting in better academic performance, more effective personal adjustment, better coping with stress, better health, and higher overall satisfaction.

Self-Efficacy in Action The person will be able to:

• Work hard towards a particular goal with the belief that genuine efforts always pay off.
• Deal efficiently with unexpected events with confidence.
• Remain calm when facing difficulties knowing they can rely on their coping abilities.
• Overcome many challenges successfully.
• Perform effectively on many different tasks.
• Develop just about any skill if they practise every day.
• Change their basic level of ability to a significant level.

Self-Esteem is our sense of our own value or worth, or the extent to which we value, approve of, appreciate or like ourselves. It can be a favourable or unfavourable attitude towards ourselves, and includes our evaluation of our thoughts and feelings overall in relation to ourselves. Expressing personal emotions, attitudes, and thoughts are highly associated with self-esteem.

Self-Esteem is seen as a critical factor in personal well-being as our self-esteem contributes to our psychological health, social adjustment and quality of life.

Self Esteem in Action The person will be able to:

• Speak up and tell others their opinions in a respectful manner.
• Appreciate themselves and other people.
• Make their own decisions.
• Recognize and accept a wide range of feelings, both positive and negative.
• Handle criticism without taking it personally.
• Accept and learn from their mistakes when they fail.
• Accept challenges and take risks in order to grow.
• Aware of their values and live their lives accordingly.
• Respect others and accept them as they are without trying to change them.

Self-Management is the ability to regulate our emotions, thoughts and behaviours effectively in different situations. This includes managing stress, delaying gratification, keeping ourselves otivated and setting and working towards personal, academic and career goals. This skill also includes managing our time effectively in response to current or changing circumstances.

Self-Management helps in all domains of life and can be an important determinant of employment and life success and overall well-being.

Self-Management in Action The person will be able to:

• Recognize how thoughts, emotions and behaviour are linked to personal well-being.
• Devise ways of managing personal well-being and achievement of goals.
• Find ways of expressing difficult emotions.
• Identify sources of support in their school, family and community that can offer timely help and guidance.
• Identify resources within themselves which can be accessed in adverse and upsetting situations. Identify sources of stress and then devise healthy and effective ways of responding to them.
• Consider time as an important factor whenever they plan activities and factor for unexpected situations or delays.
• Practise punctuality in their day-to-day lives and demonstrate other ways in which they can value their own as well as others' time.
• Set realistic and achievable goals for themselves and measure progress on a regular basis.
• Show responsibility towards their physical health by being mindful of and making appropriate choices regarding their habits, routine and overall lifestyle.
• Resist the impulse to seize a short-term reward in preference to a more valuable long-term benefit.

Social Awareness is the ability to form connections and work with people from diverse backgrounds in terms of religion, caste, gender, socio-economic strata, geographical location etc. It is the ability to understand, empathise and accept people and practices that are different from our own. It is also the ability to recognise and exercise our rights and duties as responsible citizens.

Social Awareness includes being sensitive to local and global environmental concerns, being aware of and involved in addressing social issues, respecting and protecting the rights of others, especially those of vulnerable populations (women, children, elderly, people with disabilities, economically and socially marginalised communities etc.), thus contributing to the collective well-being of society.

Social Awareness in Action The person will be able to:

• Recognise ways in which they and their peers are similar and different.
• Express interest in getting to know about their friends' native language and cultural practices.
• Articulate how a diverse set of friends or members in a team enhances their perspective and life in general.
• Determine the commonalities amongst diverse people - their basic needs, emotions, expectations from others etc.
• Analyze their community's or neighbourhood's needs/problems and put together a plan to address those.
• Recognise the vulnerabilities of others and be willing to accept, protect and even help, if needed.
• Show awareness of specific social causes, take a stance and use concrete steps towards addressing them.
• Get involved in organizations and civic bodies that help and contribute towards various social and environmental causes.

Tolerance of Ambiguity is the ability to perceive ambiguous situations as desirable, accept some uncertainty while making decisions, and a tendency to avoid thinking in a rigid manner. It is the degree to which we are comfortable with uncertainty, unpredictability, conflicting directions, and multiple demands. It manifests itself in our ability to operate effectively in an uncertain environment.

Tolerance of Ambiguity is seen as an important criterion for development of flexible, integrative, and independent thinking. Also, a significant and positive relationship has been found between creativity and tolerance of ambiguity.

Tolerance of Ambiguity in Action The person will be able to:

• Stay patient when being a part of an activity that they do not totally understand.
• Participate in a setting which is composed of people that do not share similar values.
• Enjoy working with people who have different values than themselves.
• Enjoy traveling and adjusting to new and unfamiliar situations.
• Manage their emotions in unpredictable and unfamiliar situations.

Transformational Entrepreneurship is the ability to create innovative solutions that enable change and maximize long-term economic and societal impact. It is about thinking beyond monetary goals, and the ability to take purposeful action towards creating systemic changes in the lives of individuals as well as organisations, leading to greater empowerment of people and society. It is the ability to approach problems systematically, address root causes, unlock human potential, enhance relationships and mutual learning.

Transformational Entrepreneurship is an important life skill for young people, to be drivers of humane, fair, inclusive and sustainable development.

Transformational Entrepreneurship in Action The person will be able to:

• take initiative to visualise beyond the immediate or obvious goals.
• proactively collaborate and nurture relationships and hold on to people.
• take risks and work with new people and approaches.
• delay gratification and put others' needs before their own
• overcome obstacles and stay aligned to their goals despite difficulties.
• seek a greater social purpose in their work.
• advocate for causes that might not be business-oriented but contribute towards societal change.
• solve complex social issues in fair, inclusive and sustainable ways.
• create and offer opportunities of fair and equitable growth.